Mixed Affective Disorder: An Update
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Key words: Mixed affective state, Clinical presentation, Neurobiology of mixed state, Treatment strategies of mixed states.Dimensions Badge
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This review article has attempted to summarise the findings discussed in a book titled ‘Mixed Affective States: Beyond Current Boundaries’ published by the ‘Psychiatric Clinics of North America’ (PCNA) in its March 2020 edition. In the beginning, we will discuss the development of a comparatively new concept of ‘mixed affective states’ since the beginning of the last century. A discussion on the nosology of mixed affective disorder will be followed as per ICD-10, DSM-V and ICD-11 draft. Next, we will discuss the various clinical presentations of mixed affective disorders and the possible, probable and established aetiology of mixed affective states. Finally, we will discuss the available treatment options of mixed affective states, both, its pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological management.Abstract
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References: Sani G, Swann AC. Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):1-211. Marneros A. Origin and development concepts of bipolar mixed states. J Affect Disord 2001; 67(1-3): 229-40. Salvatore P, Baldessarini RJ, Centorrino F et al. Weygandt's on the mixed states of manic-depressive insanity: a translation and commentary on its significance in the evolution of the concept of bipolar disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2002; 10:255–275. World Health Organisation. ICD-10: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems: tenth revision. 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2004. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. World Health Organisation. ICD-11: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems: eleventh revision. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2018. Luciano M, Janiri D, Fiorillo A et al. Clinical picture, temperament and personality of patients with mixed states. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):11-26 Barroilhet SA, Ghaemi SN. Psychopathology of mixed states. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):27-46. Saha S, Aich TK, Subedi S. A factor analytical study report on mania from Nepal. Indian J Psychiatry 2017; 59(2):196-201. Sampogna G, Vecchio VD, Giallonardo M et al. Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Implications of Agitated Depression. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):47-57. Pacchiarotti I, Murru A, Rapinesi C et al. Mixed Features in Depression: The Unmet Needs of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):59-68. Tondo L, Vazquez GH, Baldessarini. Suicidal Behavior Associated with Mixed Features in Major Mood Disorders. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):83-93. Saxena K, Kurian S, Saxena J et al. Mixed States in Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):95-111. Koukopoulos AE, Angeletti G, Janiri D et al. Perinatal Mixed Affective State: Wherefore Art Thou? In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):113-26. Nicola DM, Modica M Isabela P et al. Mixed States in Patients with Substance and Behavioural Addictions. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):127-37. Simonetti A, Lijffijt M, Swann AC. Neurobiology of Mixed States. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):139-51. Aniri D, Kotzalidis GD, Chiara LD et al. The Ring of Fire: Childhood Trauma, Emotional Reactivity, and Mixed States in Mood Disorders. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):69-82. Swann A, Lijffijt M, Simonetti A. Temporal Structure of Mixed States Does Sensitization Link Life Course to Episodes? In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):153-65. Pompili M, Vazquez GH, Forte A et al. Pharmacologic treatment of Mixed states. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):167-86. Perugi G, Medda P, Barbuti M et al. The Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Bipolar Mixed State. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):187-97. O’Brien B, Lee D, Swann AC et al. Psychotherapy for Mixed Depression and Mixed Mania. In: Mixed affective states: beyond current boundaries. Sani G, Swann AC (Eds). Psychiat Clin N Am 2020; 43(1):199-211.
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